Photo credits

Capstan uses 34 photographs, and not one was taken for it. They all came out of searches on Wikimedia Commons, Openverse, the WordPress Photo Directory and museum open-access collections, and every one is either in the public domain or under a free licence. Below they are sorted by those terms, from the least restrictive to the ones that require attribution.

Public domain (3)

• Small stereo tube amplifier, pictured in Vacuum tubes in hi-fi. Photo by Neruru, file on Wikimedia Commons.
• RCA radio schematic from a 1928 service manual, pictured in Service manuals and schematics. Photo by RCA, file on Wikimedia Commons.
• Bass driver of a Yamaha NS-2000 loudspeaker, pictured in Re-foaming a vintage woofer. Photo by Twy2008 and Pittigrilli, file on Wikimedia Commons.

CC0 1.0 public-domain dedication (17)

• Bookshelf loudspeaker on a TV unit, pictured in Hi-fi in a flat. Photo by Roy Tanck, file on WordPress Photo Directory · licence text.
• Transfer turntable with a record clamp at a university digitisation centre, pictured in Digitising vinyl records. Photo by cogdogblog, file on Flickr via Openverse · licence text.
• Rear of a Phase Linear 400 power amplifier, pictured in Tracing hum and buzz. Photo by National Museum of African American History and Culture, file on Smithsonian NMAAHC via Openverse · licence text.
• Meter bridge of a recording console, pictured in Home page. Photo by author not named, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Cassette player connected to a digital recorder, pictured in Reel-to-reel and cassette to digital. Photo by cogdogblog, file on Flickr via Openverse · licence text.
• Tape reel on an open-reel recorder, pictured in Digitising a home music archive. Photo by Image Catalog, file on Flickr via Openverse · licence text.
• DAT cassette beside a Compact Cassette, pictured in Getting audio off DAT tapes. Photo by Inpriva, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Sony TCD-D100 portable DAT recorder, pictured in Getting audio off DAT tapes. Photo by Pittigrilli, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Blumlein pair of two figure-of-eight microphones, pictured in Point-source stereo recording. Photo by The Midnite Wolf, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Home-made ORTF-style microphone bracket, pictured in Point-source stereo recording. Photo by Klankbeeld, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Old K50-6 electrolytic capacitors, pictured in Questions and answers. Photo by Retired electrician, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Small-signal vacuum tubes, pictured in Vacuum tubes in hi-fi. Photo by ronybc.com, file on Flickr via Openverse · licence text.
• Badly worn tape head, pictured in Buying a reel-to-reel deck. Photo by Retired electrician, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• A pair of standalone VU meters, pictured in Tracking down rare components. Photo by Retired electrician, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Class-D stereo amplifier board, pictured in Good hi-fi on a tiny budget. Photo by Retired electrician, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Nakamichi 550 portable cassette recorder, pictured in The makers behind classic hi-fi, Home page. Photo by Alex Noble (edited by Pittigrilli), file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Painted facade of an apartment building in Lyon, pictured in Acoustics and sound insulation before you rent, Home page. Photo by Chris Barbalis (Unsplash), file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.

Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 (12)

• Revox B77 open-reel tape recorder, pictured in Reel-to-reel and cassette to digital, Home page. Photo by touhotus, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Tape heads of a Panasonic RS-856 deck, pictured in Reel-to-reel and cassette to digital. Photo by tony_duell, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Box of home-recorded cassettes, pictured in Digitising a home music archive. Photo by Asim Bijarani, file on Flickr via Openverse · licence text.
• Sony MDS-JE530 MiniDisc deck with the cover removed, pictured in MiniDisc to digital. Photo by deepsonic, file on Flickr via Openverse · licence text.
• MiniDisc, UMD and Compact Cassette compared, pictured in MiniDisc to digital. Photo by Pete, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Failed electrolytic capacitor, pictured in What fails in vintage hi-fi. Photo by Mercado Viagens from Brasil, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Electronics flea market, Silicon Valley, pictured in Buying used vintage hi-fi, Home page. Photo by leighklotz, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Studer B67 professional tape recorder, pictured in Buying a reel-to-reel deck, Home page. Photo by Robert Taylor from Stirling, ON, Canada, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Table of vintage electronics at a flea market, pictured in Tracking down rare components, Home page. Photo by leighklotz, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Small loudspeakers and subwoofer, pictured in Good hi-fi on a tiny budget, Home page. Photo by Jordanhill School D&T Dept, file on Flickr via Openverse · licence text.
• Revox B77, B760 and B750 system, pictured in The makers behind classic hi-fi. Photo by touhotus (edited by Pittigrilli), file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.
• Floor-standing loudspeakers in a living room, pictured in Listening-room acoustics at home. Photo by c-g., file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (1)

• Marantz 2235 stereo receiver, pictured in Buying used vintage hi-fi, Reviving a vintage turntable. Photo by Daniel Christensen, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (1)

• Electrolytic capacitors on a circuit board, pictured in What fails in vintage hi-fi. Photo by Giovanna 27, file on Wikimedia Commons · licence text.

How we chose and treated them

Our order of preference when picking a photo: public domain or CC0 first, CC BY next, and CC BY-SA only when no similar image could be found; none of the photos currently on the site needed that last option. The attribution licences listed above oblige us to name the photographer, which we do both here and in every caption.

Every picture was cropped to 3:2 (16:9 on the home page), resized and re-encoded as WebP. The people, if any, who can be seen in these photographs have no link with Capstan or with the equipment it writes about. Manufacturer names, badges and model numbers on the gear belong to their owners and imply no affiliation or endorsement.